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Writer's pictureEvie Moore, MSN, MBA, RN

Unlocking the Mystery of Fertility After Birth and Breastfeeding

Congratulations on your journey into parenthood! As you embark on this exciting chapter of your life, it's natural to have questions about your fertility and how it may be affected by giving birth and breastfeeding. Understanding the return of fertility after childbirth is crucial for those who want to plan their family or navigate the postpartum period with confidence.


In this blog, my goal is to explore the fascinating world of fertility after birth and breastfeeding, providing you with the knowledge you need to make informed decisions. Furthermore, if you find yourself in need of personalized support and guidance, I am here to extend my coaching services to assist you in navigating this unique journey.


Let's Begin!


Let's dive into the science of postpartum fertility. Gaining knowledge about your body's hormonal changes after giving birth will give you insight on how they affect your ovulation and menstruation. Understanding these changes will give you an overview on how breastfeeding and the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) can influence your fertility.


How Your Body Changes After Birth


During pregnancy:

  • Your body produces high levels of hormones like progesterone and estrogen.

  • These hormones suppress ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary) and menstruation (the shedding of the uterine lining).

After childbirth:

  • Hormone levels drop significantly.

  • The drop in hormone levels signals your body to restart its normal reproductive processes.

  • Ovulation and menstruation gradually resume as the hormonal balance is restored.

  • The exact timing of ovulation and the return of menstruation can vary for each individual.

  • Breastfeeding can affect the return of fertility by suppressing ovulation in some women. This is known as lactational amenorrhea.

  • However, it's important to note that breastfeeding is not a reliable form of contraception, as ovulation can still occur before the return of menstruation.

Understanding these hormonal changes can help you better navigate your postpartum journey and make informed decisions regarding family planning and contraception.


Breastfeeding as Natural Birth Control


The concept of exclusive breastfeeding isn't a new form of contraception but it is a natural form of contraception. The main point of this method is to understand that breastfeeding stimulates the release of prolactin, which in turn helps prevent ovulation. It's fascinating to discover that this biological process, known as the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM), can serve as an effective contraceptive method under certain conditions. However, there are limitations to relying solely on LAM as breastfeeding patterns change over time. It is important to recognize when the effectiveness of LAM diminishes as your breastfeeding journey progresses.


Exclusive breastfeeding and Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM):

  • Exclusive breastfeeding can act as a natural form of contraception.

  • When you breastfeed, your body releases the hormone prolactin, which suppresses ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary).

  • This natural contraceptive effect is known as the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM).

  • For LAM to be effective, you need to breastfeed frequently, including during the night.

  • Avoid using bottles or pacifiers, as they can interfere with the breastfeeding process and decrease the effectiveness of LAM.

  • LAM relies on a delay in the return of menstruation after childbirth.

  • It's important to note that LAM is not a foolproof method of contraception.

  • The effectiveness of LAM diminishes as breastfeeding patterns change, and as your baby starts to consume other foods or fluids in addition to breastfeeding.

  • Once menstruation resumes or if you start supplementing breastfeeding with formula or solids, the effectiveness of LAM decreases, and you should consider using another form of contraception if you want to prevent pregnancy.

The Return of Ovulation and Menstruation


Now that you have a basic understanding of LAM, let's explore the factors that can influence the return of ovulation and menstruation after childbirth. It's important to recognize that the timing of fertility restoration can vary for each individual due to unique bodily characteristics. There are certain factors such as breastfeeding frequency, the introduction of solid foods, and individual variations that can impact fertility patterns. By understanding these factors, individuals can gain insights into their own reproductive cycle postpartum.


Return of ovulation and menstruation after childbirth:

  • The timing of the return of ovulation and menstruation can vary among individuals.

  • Some individuals may experience a longer period of temporary infertility, known as postpartum amenorrhea, where ovulation and menstruation are suppressed.

  • Others may resume their menstrual cycles relatively soon after giving birth.

  • The intensity and frequency of breastfeeding, as well as the introduction of solid foods, can influence the return of ovulation.

  • Breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding, can delay the return of ovulation and menstruation due to the release of the hormone prolactin.

  • However, it's worth noting that ovulation can occur before the first postpartum menstrual cycle, which means it's possible to conceive without having a period.

  • Tracking your fertility signs can help you identify the return of ovulation before menstruation resumes.

  • Paying attention to changes in cervical mucus (the fluid produced by the cervix) and basal body temperature (your body's lowest resting temperature) can provide insights into your fertility status.

  • Changes in cervical mucus consistency and the presence of an ovulatory pattern in basal body temperature can indicate the return of ovulation.

  • Tracking these signs can help you identify your fertile window and increase your chances of conceiving if you desire to do so.

Tracking Your Fertility Signs


There are several methods for tracking fertility signs postpartum, even before the return of menstruation. Using certain techniques such as observing cervical mucus, monitoring basal body temperature, and utilizing ovulation predictor kits, can assist in recognizing the potential return of ovulation. Gaining this knowledge is empowering to individuals, to be able to make well-informed choices regarding family planning.


Methods to track fertility signs postpartum, even before the return of menstruation:


Observing Cervical Mucus:

  • Pay attention to changes in cervical mucus, the fluid produced by the cervix.

  • As ovulation approaches, cervical mucus typically becomes more abundant, slippery, and clear, resembling the consistency of raw egg whites.

  • Monitoring changes in cervical mucus can help you identify when ovulation might be returning.

Monitoring Basal Body Temperature (BBT):

  • BBT refers to your body's lowest resting temperature, which can be measured with a specialized thermometer.

  • Take your temperature every morning before getting out of bed and record the readings.

  • After ovulation, progesterone causes a slight rise in BBT, indicating that ovulation has occurred.

  • Tracking BBT over time can help you identify patterns and predict when ovulation might be returning.

Using Ovulation Predictor Kits (OPKs):

  • OPKs are urine-based tests that detect the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH), which surges right before ovulation.

  • Start using OPKs around the time you expect ovulation to occur based on previous cycles or other fertility signs.

  • Follow the instructions provided with the kit to interpret the results accurately.

  • A positive OPK indicates that ovulation is likely to happen within the next 24-48 hours.

Benefits of tracking fertility signs postpartum:

  • These methods can help you identify the return of ovulation even before the resumption of menstruation.

  • Tracking fertility signs empowers you to make informed decisions regarding family planning and contraception.

  • It allows you to become aware of your fertile window and increase your chances of conceiving if desired.

  • Monitoring fertility signs postpartum can also help you establish a regular menstrual cycle and understand your body's reproductive patterns.

Contraceptive Options for Breastfeeding Individuals


Exploring other contraceptive options that are available to breastfeeding mothers, include non-hormonal methods like barrier methods and fertility awareness-based methods and can be safely used while breastfeeding. Additionally, hormonal methods like progestin-only pills, injectables, and hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs) are other options to consider while breastfeeding


Non-Hormonal Methods:

  • Barrier methods such as condoms (both male and female) and diaphragms are safe to use while breastfeeding.

  • These methods create a physical barrier to prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

  • They do not interfere with breastfeeding or affect milk production.

  • Fertility awareness-based methods, also known as natural family planning or the sympto-thermal method, can be used while breastfeeding.

  • These methods involve tracking fertility signs like cervical mucus, basal body temperature, and changes in the cervix to determine when you are most fertile and should avoid intercourse.

Hormonal Methods:

  • Progestin-only pills, commonly known as mini-pills, can be used while breastfeeding.

  • They contain only progestin hormone and do not affect milk production or quality.

  • Injectable contraceptives, like the progestin-only shot, can also be used while breastfeeding.

  • The hormones in injectables do not interfere with breastfeeding.

  • Hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs), particularly the progestin-only IUD, are safe to use while breastfeeding.

  • The progestin in these IUDs has a localized effect and does not pass into breast milk in significant amounts.

Considerations for hormonal methods:

  • It's important to consult with your healthcare provider before starting any hormonal contraceptive method while breastfeeding.

  • Hormonal methods may have different effects on breastfeeding patterns and milk supply in individual women.

  • Some women may experience temporary changes in their milk supply or breastfeeding patterns when using hormonal methods.

  • Your healthcare provider can help assess the suitability and safety of hormonal methods based on your specific situation.

Moreover, each person's contraceptive needs may vary, so discussing your options with a healthcare provider is essential to determine the most suitable method for you while considering your breastfeeding goals.


As a newly pregnant individual entering the world of parenthood, understanding the return of fertility after birth and breastfeeding is essential for family planning and informed decision-making. By gaining knowledge about the physiological aspects of postpartum fertility, the effectiveness of breastfeeding as birth control, and the contraceptive options available, you can approach this transformative phase with confidence.


Remember, if you find the topic of postpartum fertility overwhelming or desire personalized support, hiring a fertility coach can be invaluable. I offer expert coaching services tailored to your unique needs, helping you navigate the complexities of fertility after childbirth. From understanding your body's signals to providing emotional support, I'm here to guide you every step of the way.


Contact me today to schedule a consultation and unlock the mysteries of postpartum fertility together.


Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog post is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Consult with your healthcare provider for personalized guidance regarding your specific situation.


Have you experienced any unique changes in your fertility journey after giving birth and breastfeeding? We'd love to hear about your personal experiences and how you navigated this transformative phase.


Prenatal Coaching and Birth Doula, Fort Collins, CO
Prenatal Coaching and Birth Doula, Fort Collins, CO

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